Friday, November 29, 2019

The Accounting Scandal at WorldCom Essay Example

The Accounting Scandal at WorldCom Paper WorldCom is a telecommunication company that evolves from a merger between Long Distance Discount Services, Inc (LDDS) and Advantage Companies in August 1989. Eight years later in 1997, WorldCom announced another multi-billion merger with MCI Communications that was worth US$37 billion. The mega merger became the largest merger in terms of value in the 20th century. Unfortunately, after the acquisition of MCI, telecommunication industry experienced a downturn that forced telecommunication companies to restructure their finance. The situation also occurred at WorldCom in which in 2000, the company’s stock was plummeting and Ebbers as the corporate CEO had responsibility to cover this WorldCom stock margin calls that used to finance other’s Ebbers business. To overcome this problem, Ebbers forced WorldCom’s Board of Directors to give corporate loans that accounted for $400 millions to cover the margin calls that emerge, but this effort has failed. To hide this failed financial condition, Buford Yates as Director of General Accounting under direction of Scott Sullivan as CFO used insincere accounting method by create bogus financial records and profitability to increase the value of WorldCom’s stock. This evil action commenced in 1999 and run until May 2002. Scandal at WorldCom 2. 1. Facts According to several articles discussing the WorldCom scandal, we find that this fraudulent happened due to support from the corporate managements. There are many underlying facts behind the scandals as following (‘How Did’, 2002): We will write a custom essay sample on The Accounting Scandal at WorldCom specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Accounting Scandal at WorldCom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Accounting Scandal at WorldCom specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer WorldCom executives committed accounting fraud that pushed the company to be the largest bankruptcy in the US. The insincerity was hidden from stakeholders and public but disclosed in 2002 Several employments show evidences like hiding bad debt and understating costs that proven the insincerity discovered as early as 2001; however, WorldCom’s Board of Directors did not pay attention to this claim. In June 2001, there were stakeholders that do prosecution against WorldCom but it was elapsing due to lack of evidences. II. 2. Ethical Guidelines WorldCom scandal represents the biggest mistake in American business. WorldCom was proven to violate many ethical guidelines by committing insincerity in providing financial figures to stakeholders and public; some of the violation are as following: Customer commitment Ought to be a big company, WorldCom must hold the trust given by customers by delivering good services. However, customers’ trusts were violated for personal business. Stakeholders’ commitment Public commitment As a public company, WorldCom have responsibility to public to provide true corporate figures. After WorldCom Bankruptcy, stakeholders and investors had low confidence towards financial statement of corporations that caused the slow growth of stock markets. II. 3. Who Was Affected? The bankruptcy of WorldCom presents a domino effect in all of sector, especially at stocks market and telecommunication services. When WorldCom announced their bankruptcy, share price of Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Vodafone, Alcatel and other telecommunication companies experienced a significant downturn. For example, share price of Nokia experienced five-percent decline, Sony Ericsson descended nine percent, and Vodafone descended 17 percent. Meanwhile, Alcatel experienced heaviest blow by descending 17 percent momentary gratuities after announcing of expense amputation meaning employees reduction . II. 4. Avoidance and Preventions in Future Most of accounting scandals involve insiders (85% of scandals). Another 55% of accounting scandals also involve high-level managements and company’s executives. All insincerity will generate bad impact for company and company stakeholders. Therefore, it requires some prevention action so that a coming fraudulent can be avoided. There are some ways to avoid the fraud in a company: (Waymark, 2006) Observe the financial accounting One of important matters is to give more attention to company financial reports. A research finds that companies focus more on asset misappropriations and computer crimes (63%) while deception of financial accounting only 21%. Observing the executives Second way is to observe all company’s executive in the moment of company merger, after promotion, and new market extension. This is because all executives have work and serve company in a long time. However, if we consider facts and results of fraud, we find that executives conduct a lot of fraud in a company. Reference: ‘How Did WorldCom Go Bankrupt? ’ 2002. Retrieved June 19, 2007 from www. securitiesfraudfyi. com/ ‘Is the backbone broken? ’ 2002. Retrieved June 19, 2007 from http://money. cnn. com/ Midleton, James. 2002. ‘WorldCom domino effect begins’ Retrieved June 19, 2007 from http://www. vnunet. com/vnunet/news/2119227/worldcom-domino-effect-begins Waymark, Stuart. 2006. ‘Preventing Corporate Fraud: Know and avoid the myths’. Retrieved June 19, 2007 from http://int. sitestat. com/ernst-and-young/south-africa/s? South_Africa_Home. Media. 2006_Press_Releases. 14_Aug_06_Preventing_Corporate_Fraud

Monday, November 25, 2019

Free Essays on Mary Tudor

Mary Tudor was born in 1516. She was the only surviving child of King Henry VIII of England and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Mary was a pretty, intelligent child, who was highly educated in languages, science, music, philosophy, and theology. She was also taught the skills that noble women of the time were expected to have, including dancing and fine needlework. As Princess of Wales, she had her own court at Ludlow Castle, where the Countess of Salisbury essentially brought her up, the mother of Cardinal Pole. After several miscarriages, three stillborn children, and two who died in early infancy, Catherine of Aragon went through menopause, and King Henry knew for certain that she would never provide him with the male heir he so desperately needed. Eighteen years of marriage and so many pregnancies had cost Catherine her figure and her looks. Henry had become infatuated with one of her ladies-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn, and wanted to have his marriage to Catherine annulled so that he could marry Anne, who he hoped would give him more children, especially sons. Henry petitioned Pope Clement VII to have his marriage to Catherine annulled on the grounds that it violated the biblical order against a man’s marrying his brother’s widow. The punishment specified in Leviticus for violating that law was that the marriage would be childless. Henry convinced himself that Catherine’s inability to give him sons, or any children at all other than their somewhat sickly daughter Mary, was a fulfillment of Leviticus. Clement delayed his ruling on Henry’s petition, because he was the prisoner of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who was Catherine’s nephew. After nearly seven frustrating years, Henry achieved his objective by breaking altogether with Rome and declaring himself the â€Å"only supreme head† (www.newadvent.org/cathen/09766a.htm) of the Church of England, a claim later enacted into law by Parliamen... Free Essays on Mary Tudor Free Essays on Mary Tudor Mary Tudor was born in 1516. She was the only surviving child of King Henry VIII of England and his first wife, Catherine of Aragon. Mary was a pretty, intelligent child, who was highly educated in languages, science, music, philosophy, and theology. She was also taught the skills that noble women of the time were expected to have, including dancing and fine needlework. As Princess of Wales, she had her own court at Ludlow Castle, where the Countess of Salisbury essentially brought her up, the mother of Cardinal Pole. After several miscarriages, three stillborn children, and two who died in early infancy, Catherine of Aragon went through menopause, and King Henry knew for certain that she would never provide him with the male heir he so desperately needed. Eighteen years of marriage and so many pregnancies had cost Catherine her figure and her looks. Henry had become infatuated with one of her ladies-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn, and wanted to have his marriage to Catherine annulled so that he could marry Anne, who he hoped would give him more children, especially sons. Henry petitioned Pope Clement VII to have his marriage to Catherine annulled on the grounds that it violated the biblical order against a man’s marrying his brother’s widow. The punishment specified in Leviticus for violating that law was that the marriage would be childless. Henry convinced himself that Catherine’s inability to give him sons, or any children at all other than their somewhat sickly daughter Mary, was a fulfillment of Leviticus. Clement delayed his ruling on Henry’s petition, because he was the prisoner of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who was Catherine’s nephew. After nearly seven frustrating years, Henry achieved his objective by breaking altogether with Rome and declaring himself the â€Å"only supreme head† (www.newadvent.org/cathen/09766a.htm) of the Church of England, a claim later enacted into law by Parliamen...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

History of London Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of London - Essay Example As children attend school, they copy and even acquire the culture of classmates and even that of neighbors. Most of the parents who moved to London within the last 150 years have had difficulties in communication, and they make use of their children as translators. Children attending schools engage in socializing activities from where they learn and acquire new cultures. The young generation within the city of London has had its life molded on what the young people believe. In fact, they are not influenced by their parents who would want them to follow their footsteps. Therefore, there has been conflict between children and parents in the city of London. However, parents should know that they cannot influence the behavior of their children or even their actions (Museum of London). As a city, London has lost its culture because of immigration activities. London has become a host of many people from different countries of the universe making it have different cultures. For instance bei ng a Muslim in London can prove hectic for a Muslim faithful. This is because the city has entirely different ideas and those professing the Muslim faith may feel out of place or as outcast. This issue has caused many people to abandon their beliefs for those that are commonly practiced in the area. This has been the case among the young generation within the city. The result of loss of the culture within the city is the development of multicultural aspects. Many people from other continents and even other countries within Europe have found their way to London. Some of the reasons that have caused immigration are aspects of business and studies. Therefore, diversity has come up in terms of clothing, food and even language. Different foods have been brought to London and a new method of cooking adapted by the city dwellers (Museum of London). There has been an improvement in the business and trade sectors. For instance, new technologies have been brought by foreigners to the city. Mi grants would include the Chinese, American and even the Russians. This has transformed many lives within the city by making work easy and efficient. For instance, exchange of cultural aspects has seen exchange of technology that has made improvements in the transport and sector within the city. Immigration to London has also affected the social aspects of the city. As a result of people moving to the city to look for jobs, there were high levels of unemployment during the start of the twenty century that saw crime levels going up within the city. The young people have been perpetrators or victims that have been associated with crime in London. This was a result of young men and women lacking jobs within the city. In addition to this, there was poor sanitation related issues within the city as a result of many immigrants. The population within the city was large to an extent that the city would not handle all the people in terms of providing social amenities. In an effort to fight th at, institution were established to deal with infectious diseases within the city. The past 150 years have also seen a change in the medical field. For instance, physicians and other medical personnel sought to reach the whole community unlike earlier times where these people were concerned with those who came to the hospital. There have been increased levels of drug and alcohol use within the city. T

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marketing Research for Mc Donalds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Research for Mc Donalds - Case Study Example Donald's provides fast food and has established and maintained its position as a market leader in the food retail business for over a century. Fast food is typically similar in behavior to fast moving consumer products. It is due to this, that Mc. Donald's needs to advertise all the time to generate a top-of the mind recall and to remind people what the brand stands for. The success of Fast food retail business is dependent on the ability of all marketing campaigns to instill a craving for their product offering. History of Business Theme: The business theme of Mc Donald's has evolved with time. However, even though their positioning statement has been varying and has been different for different campaigns, the key elements i.e. "warmth","Everyday slice of life" and "the Mc Donald's Experience", have been retained. This consistency in the theme and campaign has helped in building a clear image of Mc Donald's in the mind of customers. Their positioning statements in the past decades have been as follows: Even though a campaign is usually aimed at the walk in customers and the bottom line is always a boost in sales. However, all the affiliated stakeholders including the employees, suppliers, business partners and stakeholders feel the spillover effects of any advertising. Customers; the customers would always want to purchase food that is convenient and hygienic. However, in the past few years, hygiene consciousness and heath consciousness has increased. Mc Donald's may ace at hygiene maintenance but in the "Health" segment it has to battle the negative image of fast food industry on the whole. The fast food industry carries a universal image that it is fattening food and is thus unhealthy. Suppliers: The suppliers need to know that the vendor management is efficient and fair. The suppliers also benefit from the positive image of Mc Donald's as it adds to their own portfolio of high profile clients that they serve. This helps in building up clientele

Monday, November 18, 2019

Life after college Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Life after college - Term Paper Example Additionally, high numbers of job seekers with similar qualification have flooded the job market creating another significant challenge among the fresh graduate of proving their uniqueness before the recruitment panel (Carol, para10). This study therefore, will investigate the challenges that college students undergo through immediately after graduation. In above connection, the study will focus on unemployment and high debts among college graduates. Challenges student come across after college graduation, including unemployment and high debts Higher education has greatly been attributed to numerous benefits such as; improved standard of living, higher income, increased productivity and reduction in production cost among other benefits. Additionally, numerous states provide higher income to those with higher level of education as compared to those with lower education levels (Roksa, Josipa and Richard, para2-25). For instance, high school graduates were anticipated to receive lower i ncome as compared to diploma and degree holders. However, there have been some variations in respect education to level of education and income. ... Connectively, most college graduate faced the challenges of securing a job because most of the courses they took at their respective universities could not correlate with the market demand. This forced many employers to recruit college graduates from other foreign countries (Coy, paras1-6). In above connection, lack of adequate academic engagement such as working while still in college, especially during vacation has contributed greatly to unemployment among the college graduates. This is because through academic engagements students not only acquire new experience but also experience tremendous growth in their career life. This provides them competitive edge of securing a job after completing their college education (Roksa, Josipa and Richard, para17). Additionally, some college students may found that employers are not hiring on their geographical areas and therefore, some may find it quite challenging to move into new areas to look for a job due to housing and income problems (Car ol, paras1-5). On the other hand, most college graduates do not make to the interview room despite sending their application. This is because of improper writing of their resumes which denies them a chance to be invited for an interview despite being qualified for a job. However, some who make to an interview room fails to get a job due to failure of expressing themselves properly such that an employer can become convinced that they are the best candidates for a job. Connectively, majority of the college graduate tend to be confused on what to do after completing their college. This is because some do not know where to start (Carol, para5). Research report indicates that most students after graduation lacks financial freedom and tend to rely heavily on their parents

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Methods Of Categorising Diseases

Methods Of Categorising Diseases Introduction At the beginning of my written assignment I have been asked to do a research about communicable and non- communicable disease and to choose one communicable and one non-communicable disease by explaining the similarities and the difference between both. My chosen diseases are malaria which is communicable and skin cancer which is non-communicable disease. However my rationale for choosing malaria is because malaria affects many people in the UK and around the world. Malaria occurs where the Anopheles mosquito breeds, mainly in rural tropical areas. From a UK perspective, its a threat to people travelling to malarial regions in Africa. Asia, the Middle East, central and southern America. Also my rational of skin cancer is because skin cancer affects many people in the UK and around the world. This means that skin cancer has become more prevalent in many parts of the world because people are spending more time in the Sun and are exposing more of their skin in the process. For example Australia, with high sunshine levels, has very high skin cancer rates. An estimated 2 out of every 3 people in most parts of the country will develop some form of skin cancer. Definition of health, Health is seen as a resource for everyday life and not just the objective of living also it is a positive concept emphasising social and personal recourses, as well as physical capabilities. Definition of disease, Disease is abnormal state of the body and mind that causes discomfort or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. For example the term is used broadly to include injuries, disabilities, syndromes, symptoms, deviant behaviours, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts these may be considered distinguishable categories. Different methods of categorising diseases, including: Physical diseases or illness are those which affect the functioning of parts of the human body, for example physical diseases are;Â   Coronary heart disease Bronchitis Nephritis Arthritis Psychological disease, more usually thought of as mental health disorder and those affect mind or intellect. The include; Depression Anxiety disorder Bipolar disorder Social disease, or conditions associated with personal lifestyle choices and the environment disorders are those that raise from social deprivation also relationships those which have their roots in our personal activities, such as; Alcoholism Substance abuse Sexually transmitted disease Similarly, alcoholism effects and depression and bulimia can be seen as having foundations in modern society. Although the other way of classifying disease is simply into communicable and non communicable diseases. Also in order to prevent communicable disease this is necessary to closely investigate all the factors contributing to the infection and its spread. The similarities and the different between communicable and non communicable are; both are a form of disease and communicable diseases are caused by micro-organisms such as, viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. However communicable disease is not caused by factors, but some factors may influence the outcome and spread of a communicable disease for example, tuberculosis is more prevalence in poor living conditions and influenza speeds quickly in overcrowded situations. Non communicable disease may caused by explained tissue deterioration, defiency of a matter essential for health, inherited genes also lifestyle choices or the environmental effect. Spread of disease Communicable disease spread from one organism to another, this means that it usually from human to human. Although Non communicable diseases do not spread from one person to another. Life stage of effected individual; Communicable disease can generally affect people at any life stage. As many infections result in immunity of a range of lengths. This means that the individual is never invaded by the micro-organisms again, but rather that full-blown disease which never develops because the body defence rapidly overcome the infection. For example some infections have a greater impact at specific the life stage such as infancy and childhood, a (Measles and Diphtheria). Non communicable diseases are often linked with specific life stages for example Alzheimers disease and osteoarthritis are also linked with adulthood and CF and haemophilia with infancy and childhood. The similarities and the difference between communicable and non-communicable disease Communicable diseases are highly infectious and can be transmitted to other individuals through different modes like close physical contact, touching the things an infected person touched, Non-communicable diseases cannot be transmitted by the aforementioned modes but are inherited, triggered, or developed through nutritional deficiencies and other causes. The symptoms are measurable and obvious. Some of the most usual symptoms of communicable diseases include: The symptoms would depend on the kind of infection a person is dealing with. Non-communicable disease includes; Muscle aches, headaches, fever, cough and chills Obesity, diabetes, skin cancer, Gaining of excess weight, unexplained excessive hunger and thirst For sexually transmitted infections, the symptoms include smelly discharge, greenish or grayish discharge, ulcers in the genital areas, Lesions located in the sexual organ and different areas of the body especially when the infection has already spread and transferred to other body parts. Hypertension. Blood pressure that reaches up to 140/90, most commonly, hypertension has no obvious signs and symptoms that are why it called Å“silent killer. Communicable disease can be spread from person to person, either through skin to skin contact or through contaminated materials. There are many types of communicable diseases, with varying symptoms. Do not always require long term support and treatment Could occur at any age, though the impact of the disease may differ in each life stage and transmitted in a range of different ways. But the main communicable disease I have chosen is malaria. What is malaria? Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a parasite, which infects red blood cells. Malaria is characterized by cycles of chills, fever, pain, and sweating. Historical records suggest malaria has infected humans since the beginning of mankind. Key facts Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Malaria caused nearly one million deaths, mostly among African children and its preventable and curable. Although malaria can decrease gross domestic product by as much as 1.3% in countries with high disease rates. Non-immune travellers from malaria-free areas are very vulnerable to the disease when they get infected. What are the signs and symptoms of malaria? People with malaria typically have cycles of chills, fever, and sweating that recurs every 1, 2, or 3 days. The attack of the malaria parasites on the persons red blood cells makes the persons temperature rise and the person feel hot. The subsequent bursting of red blood cells makes the person feel cold and have hard, shaking chills. Nausea, vomiting, Diarrhea often goes along with the fever. The destruction of red blood cells can also cause jaundice (yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes) and anaemia. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear? The time between a mosquito bite and the start of illness is usually 7 to 21 days, but some types of malaria parasites take much longer to cause symptoms. When infection occurs by blood transfusion, the time to the start of symptoms depends on the number of parasites in the transfusion. Causes It? Malaria is caused by any one of four species of one-celled parasites, called Plasmodium. The parasite is spread to people by the female Anopheles mosquito, which feeds on human blood. Although four species of malaria parasites can infect humans and cause illness, only malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is potentially life-threatening. How is malaria spread? Malaria is spread when an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a person. This is the only type of mosquito that can spread malaria. The mosquito becomes infected by biting an infected person and drawing blood that contains the parasite. When that mosquito bites another person, that person becomes infected. For example in the world, people who develop malaria are nearly always found to have contracted it while travelling in parts of the world where malaria is common. Non-communicable disease is disease that is caused by something other than a pathogen. Heart disease is an example of a no communicable disease. It might result from hereditary factors, improper diet, smoking, or other factors. Although most non-communicable diseases are chronic diseases, which means they are present either continuously off and on over a long time. A person may be born with the disease or a propensity to develop it. The disease may develop as a result of a persons lifestyle behaviours Usually require long-term support and treatment Are often linked with different life stage But the main non-communication disease I have chosen is lung cancer What is skin cancer? Skin cancer is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes. Although skin cancer is always one of the easiest forms of the disease to treat, the effectiveness of those treatments depends on how early the disease is caught. Skin cancer treatments can be less radical when the cancer is only in its early stages. How does it affect the body? The effects of skin cancer can vary; basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of skin cancer and it will often look like a mark on the skin that could be brown or red. Although it may be raised from the skin or flat to begin with. It generally doesnt spread and is considered to be a benign cancer. It can appear anywhere on the body but mainly on areas that are directly exposed to the sunlight. For example skin cancer can be incredibly damaging to anyone however, especially if it is left without being seen and untreated for an extended period of time. This is because the longer skin cancer or any type of cancer for that matter is left untreated, the longer it is able to negatively affect the body and possibly spread to other parts of the body as well. What are the symptoms? Spot or sore that does not heal within 4 weeks A spot or sore that continues to itch, hurt, scab, crust or bleed for more than 4 weeks Areas where the skin has broken down or forms an ulcer with no obvious cause, and does not heal within 4 weeks. What causes skin cancer? Sun exposure is the main cause of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Other factors that influence the risk of skin cancer are: People with light eyes or hair, who sunburn easily or do not tan, have an increased risk of skin cancer. People with a lot of moles, unusually shaped or large moles, or a lot of freckles have a higher risk of melanoma. A history of sunburn doubles the risk of melanoma and also increases the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer. Use of sun beds, especially by young people, increases the risk of skin cancer. People with a previous non-melanoma skin cancer have a much higher risk of developing a second one. People with a close relative diagnosed with skin cancer have a higher risk of developing it themselves. Comparison of both diseases Disease Causative Organism Type of illness Malaria Plasmodium Serious disease affecting organs and high fever Skin cancer epidermis The skin cancer is only in the top layer of skin Malaria Every year between 350 and 500 million people are infected with the disease and 1 million die (predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa). Malaria affects many organs of peoples body. It can affect their brain, heart, lungs, kidneys, and liver, along with harsh side effects. The spleen and the liver enlarge. Malaria can affect many organs in the body, including the brain, lungs, kidneys, and liver. Skin cancer More than 3.5 million skin cancers in over two million people are diagnosed annually. Skin affects many organs peoples body. It can affect their brain, bone and lung; due to spread of the cancer cells through the blood Malaria Malaria is spread from person to person by ( bits from) a mosquito-specifically Anopheles, and in African one main species; anopheles gambiae Malaria is a topical disease, affecting 300 million people and causing 1-15.5million death per year, although such estimates vary. As a global killer it is second only to TB (tuberculosis). Its especially dangerous to young children and pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. Skin cancer Skin cancer never spread, apart from the slow growth of the rodent ulcer itself. Even in advanced cases, treatment is almost always successful. Skin cancer is a disease, in which abnormal and potentially cancerous cells are found on the outer layers of the skin. The skin is the largest organ in the body.Many parasites have life-cycles involving two hot species, within which they pass through a range of different stages, often blinking between using asexual processes in order to build up numbers when conditions are appropriate and using sexual processes in other stages. This means that when person is bitten by a mosquito, parasites enter the blood and move to the liver where they multiply over the next one to three weeks. They are then released back into the bloodstream where they infect red blood cells. The parasites grow in the red blood cells until ready for the next stage of their life cycle. They then cause the host cells to rupture, releasing toxins which can cause malaria symptoms and failure of body mechanisms. Male and female gametes are released into the bloodstream where will be sucked up by the next mosquito to bite. Malaria is a major killer and deserves respect. Each year between 350 and 500 million people are infected with the disease and 1 million die predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa. This means that many travellers ignore the need to take anti-malarial medication or fail to take it properly. Of 80 million travellers to areas with a high malaria risk, 30,000 will contract the disease and many remain ignorant of the severity of malaria symptoms and malaria causes. Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the UK and United States also around the world. More than 3.5 million skin cancers in over two million people are diagnosed annually. Although each year there are more new cases of skin cancer than the combined incidence of cancers of the breast, prostate, lung and colon. However one in five Americans will develop skin cancer in the course of a lifetime. Over the past 31 years, more people have had skin cancer than all other cancers combined.4 Nearly 800,000 Americans are living with a history of melanoma and 13 million are living with a history of no melanoma skin cancer, typically diagnosed as basal cell carcinoma or squalors cell carcinoma What is diagnosis? Medical diagnosis refers both to the process of attempting to determine and/or identity a possible disease or disorder and the opinion reached by this process. For example; the term diagnostic criterion designates the combination of signs, symptoms, and test results that the clinician uses to attempt to determine the correct diagnosis. What is clinical diagnosis? Clinical diagnosis is occurs when an individual usually a doctor or another health care workers is able to establish the nature of disease mainly by giving the condition a name, such ad meningitis, What is differential diagnosis? The differential diagnosis are a few conditions which may appears to a similar and the doctor cannot provide a cline diagnosis he or she may unable to distinguish one from the other. This means that consists of a more generic label or name, for example chest infection or kidney infections. Type of diagnosis and referrals: Self diagnosis, is when individuals diagnose an illness for themselves, such as headache, pain or sort throat, individuals may be masking more serious illness by treating the condition with over the counter medications. Unless the individuals contact local health services, investigations will not be carried out and support will not offered. For example in some circumstances may have serious consequences and a correct treatment diagnosis will be made too late for correct treatment and support Although self diagnosis and treatment of minor ailments will release more time for doctors, or laboratory technicians and support personnel devote to individuals suffering from more serious complains. GP diagnosis, means when an individual feels that he or she is unable to deal with a health problem, an appointment is made with GP or practice nurse in the local health centre. Most service users expect to get a diagnosis and medication as a consequence of this visit. Also the appointment can be subject to one or two days delay when the matter is not deemed to be urgent. For example GP may refer a patient to a hospital for a variety of reasons. Some of these are; When a patient has a serious non communicable disease that needs specialist care, such as heart and renal failure, cancers and some inherited disease, When a patient is ill and has nobody at home to act as care. Also if patient has serious infection, such as tuberculosis or malaria, requiring specialist care and treatment For more detailed investigations such as X-rays, scans, ultrasound scans, electrocardiograms, special laboratory investigation to test about the disease. Also for closer monitoring and care. Referral to hospital for specialist treatment. There are many common conditions which can be diagnosed and treated by the affect individuals without the need for appointments with the family doctor or hospital visits. For example there are more over the counter preparations for treating common illness and service users may use NHS direct or internet to assist them with a diagnosis and treatment. Methods of diagnosing disease can be a different type of diagnoses those includes are many more specialised investigative techniques that can used if diagnosis may never be reached and the patients gradually recovers, probably due to an immune response. Facilities to support individuals with disease as well as the key medical personnel in general practice and hospitals, although there are many other agencies that provide support to individuals, and particularly those people with non communicable disease may need long term support. As support may be of the self help type because where information is or to provide information. For example some agencies aim to improve the equality of life by the provision of social activities, including fund- raising events and outings. Usually assistance with every day living task may be too provided by groups, such as social services. Support from domestic care this may involves with family, relative and friends there are also people employed by other agencies, which will support people with illness such as malaria and skin cancer. Patients can be tested by their doctor who may do blood test and when testing for malaria is done the test results can be influenced by the duration of the illness the concentration of malaria parasites in the blood as well as the expertise of the lab technician and the methodology used in the test procedure. Although anti-malarial drugs are not a 100% guarantee in preventing the disease, but it does help if the patients are infected by malaria and a milder and less severe infection is experienced. A local legend states that taking anti-malarial drugs hide the symptoms of malaria, but this is simply a myth. Types of tests to determine malaria infections Home testing with a test kit Laboratory testing Other tests that could assist when malaria infection is suspected General information Patients can be tested by their doctor who may remove a small sample of suspicious-looking skin for laboratory testing. An examination of tissue from a living body to determine the cause can determine whether person have skin cancer and, if so, what type of skin cancer they have. Although the determining the extent of the skin cancer if patients doctor determines they have skin cancer, he or she may recommend additional tests to determine the extent, or stage, of the skin cancer. Because superficial skin cancers such as basal or squamous cell carcinoma rarely spread, an examination often is the only test needed to determine the cancer stage. But if person have a large growth or one thats existed for some time, their doctor may recommend further tests to determine the extent of the cancer Skin cancer is generally divided into two stages: Local. In this stage, cancer affects only the skin. Metastatic. At this point, cancer has spread beyond the skin. The skin cancers stage helps determine which treatment options will be most effective. The impact of my two chosen diseases on society and the individuals are; Malaria is one of the most severe public health problems worldwide. It is a leading cause of death and disease in many developing countries, where young children and pregnant women are the groups most affected. 3.3 billion people (half the worlds population) live in areas at risk of malaria transmission in 109 countries and territories 35 countries (30 in sub-Saharan Africa and 5 in Asia) account for 98% of global malaria deaths. In 2008, malaria caused an estimated 190 311 million clinical episodes, and 708,000 1,003,000 deaths. 89% of the malaria deaths worldwide occur in Africa. Malaria is the 5th cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide (after respiratory infections, HIV/AIDS, diarrheal diseases, and tuberculosis) in low-income countries. Malaria is the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS Malaria imposes substantial costs to both individuals and governments. This means the costs to individuals and their families include: Purchase of drugs for treating malaria at home; Expenses for travel to, and treatment at, dispensaries and clinics; Lost days of work; absence from school; Expenses for preventive measures; Expenses for burial in case of deaths. Costs to governments include: the act of maintaining of health facilities; purchase of drugs and supplies; public health interventions against malaria, such as insecticide spraying or distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets; lost days of work with resulting loss of income; and lost opportunities for joint economic ventures and tourism. Skin Cancer affects millions of UK and around the world because is ranked as one of the top ten deadly cancers. Unlike many other cancers, the number of new cases continues to increase, as does its impact on younger patients. UV radiation is a known factor in skin cancer development and the most effective method of lowering ones risk is to prevent unnecessary exposure, such as use of tanning beds. One in five UK and the around the world will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. The incidence of melanoma, the deadliest kind of skin cancer, has been steadily increasing for the past 30 years. Since 1992, melanoma has increased 3.1% annually in non-Hispanic Caucasians, but in recent years is increasing more rapidly in young white women (3.8% since 1995) and men age 65 and older (8.8% since 2003). Melanoma is the most common form of cancer for young adults 25-29 years old and the second most common form of cancer for adolescents and young adults 15-29 years old. Comparison of skin cancer and malaria about the diagnosis and impact The diagnosis and the impact of both diseases are very common because Skin cancer is one of the main cancer concerns of the world when the area is very warming. This means that people with skin cancer get most is melanoma. Although the most curable which can even be prevented. Early discovery is very important. If person have moles that are bothering them or are doing weird things such as changing size, shape, colour, or if they bleed constantly, they should consult a doctor. Malaria is a disease that will increase when the area is very warming. It is one of the earliest recorded human diseases, and is spread by the bite of a female mosquito. Mosquitoes breed in warm, wet places. With the increase of rain and warmth during the warming, the population of mosquitoes will increase, making the risk of getting this disease also increase when people are bitten by an infected mosquito, it sends parasites into their bloodstream. These parasites keep reproducing, making the disease more devastating. Symptoms are fever and chills that come and go, headache, weakness, and an enlarged spleen. An enlarged spleen could rupture, or require surgery to remove. People can live without a spleen, but not having one increases the risk of infections or other problems. Tests and diagnosis Tests and diagnosis To diagnose malaria, the individuals doctor may: To diagnose skin cancer, the individuals doctor may: Examine their blood tests can help tailor treatment by determining: Examine their skin. Their doctor may look at their skin to determine whether their skin changes are likely to be skin cancer. Further testing may be needed to confirm that diagnosis. Whether they have malaria and which type of malaria parasite is causing their symptoms Local. In this stage, cancer affects only the skin. If they infection is caused by a parasite resistant to certain drugs or whether the disease is affecting any of their vital organs Metastatic. At this point, cancer has spread beyond the skin. Some blood tests can take several days to complete, while others can produce results in less than 15 minutes. The skin cancers stage helps determine which treatment options will be most effective.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Akira Kurosawa and Robert Zemeckis Essay -- essays papers

Akira Kurosawa and Robert Zemeckis â€Å"As the term suggests, an auteur is an author, someone whose aesthetic sensibilities and impact are most important in the creation of a text. With literary texts, discerning authorship is usually no problem. But with collaborative art forms, such as film, deciding on authorship is much more complicated. Generally speaking, film theorists have concluded that it is the director of a film who is the auteur, the most important creative figure. But auteur theory is concerned with more that one film; it is concerned with the work of a director – with his or her whole corpus of films, and with certain dominant themes and stylistic aspects of these films. The text in auteur criticism is not one film, but the body of work of the director.† Although both Akira Kurosawa and Robert Zemeckis have made many successful films there is a distinct difference in the filmmakers works. The authorship of the film is what creates the distinction between Kurosawa and Zemeckis films. Examining authorship is a challenge; critics and writers have been attempting to do it for years. The most comprehensive definition that I have found is the one quoted above from Berger’s Cultural Criticism. In non-technical language, authorship is looked upon as an unknown distinct element that one of the film’s cast or crew brings to it. Always changing, this unknown element may be derived from, an actor, director, editor or even a cinematographer. In the past there have been two distinctions made by critics regarding authorship. There is the claim that there is an elitist group of filmmakers who have a distinct definable quality to all of their films regardless of whether they are considered good or bad quality films. In essence, the caliber of the film itself seems to be irrelevant to the theory. This group is categorized under the much sought after term of auteur. This said, a bad film made by an auteur is alleged to better than the best film made by a metteur en scene. This brings us to the idea of what can be considered when examining a metteur en scene. The definition seems to take on exactly the opposite quality than that of an auteur. A metteur en scene may make decent or even good films, but there seems to be a link missing when comparing all their works as a whole. When regarding the works of an Auteur, we must examine their films as a... ...e is how he creates his film; much of this is the level of control that a director exercises upon his body of work. Throughout Kurosawa's career, he worked hard to repeatedly present the themes, which were important to him. This is not always the case in Zemeckis' films, as we do not see Zemeckis using the same themes consistently throughout his works. Using subjectivity, Kurosawa was able to bring the audience into the minds and hearts of the characters involved. Thus, Akira Kurosawa's work is clearly superior to directors who presented their stories more objectively. Bibliography: Works Cited: Berger, Arthur Asa. Cultural Criticism: A Primer of Key Concepts. London: SAGE Publications, 1995 Mackinnon, Gillies. â€Å"Haunting visions.† Sight & Sound ns 4 (1994): 61 Peary, Gerald. â€Å"Akira Kurosawa; Japan's existential cowboy looks West and thinks East† American Film v. 14 (1989): 80-82 Ritchie, Donald. The Films Of Akira Kurosawa: Third Edition. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998 Saynor, James. â€Å"Accidental Auteur,† Sight & Sound v.3 (1993): 4-8 Seltzer, Alex. â€Å"Akira Kurosawa: seeing through the eyes of the audience.† Film Comment v. 29 (1993): 72-77

Monday, November 11, 2019

Large Parallel Processing Systems Architecture Essay

Today it would be seen as a parallel processing tile from which to construct big parallel treating systems. Transputer like architectures are now the average watercourse of parallel computer science. It was seen in many different ways, depending on the point of view and cognition of the individual sing it. Where Inmos started from when making the transputer was embodied in the name, derived from trans, intending across, with the postfix ‘puter, from computing machine. The thought was that applications were progressively affecting flows of informations instead than necessitating more structured activities on predefined sets of informations, as are characteristic of a â€Å" normal † computing machine. This was the thought that was making the digital signal processor ( DSP ) . But where a DSP takes informations in from a beginning, processes it, and passes it on, the transputer had four channels of bi-directional communicating, or links. That made it simple to construct a planar array, each transputer associating to four neighbours.IntroductionThe transputer was an advanced computing machine design of the 1980s from INMOS, a British semiconducting material company based in Bristol. Transputer was the first individual bit computing machine designed for message passing multipr ocessor systems.When the transputer was foremost reviled, many thought this exceeding construct should be the following revolution in microprocessor engineering. As you may already hold guessed, things did n't go on as expected: today, the transputer this interesting bit has mostly forgotten, but it is indispensable to compose about it on this paper.TRANSPUTER ARCHITECTURE:First coevals of them are 16 spot transputers: T212, T222, T225 ( The 212 ran at 20MHz both the T222 and T225 ran at 20MHz. ) ; 32 spot transputers without a drifting unit: T400, T414, T425, T426 ( the T414 was available in 15 and 20MHz assortments, T425 in 20, 25 and 30MHz assortments ) ; 32 spot transputers with a drifting unit: T800, T801, T805 ( the T805 was besides subsequently available as a 30MHz portion. All have the same direction sets, the same architecture and to the full compatible communications links. Second Generation 64 spot transputer with a drifting unit: T9000. Although the architecture is the s ame, it is a new design and is really more complex bit than its predecessors. All the transputers except T9000 has indistinguishable architecture. The internal coach connects the processor to local memory and to an external memory interface. The communicating links are connected to the coach by an interface. This makes it possible for the processor to work independent of the links. Depending on the type of transputer, the drifting point unit and other system services are besides connected to this coach. In figure1 T805 is the celebrated one. It consists of a conventional, RISC processor, a communicating subsystem, four Kb of on-chip RAM, four high-velocity inter-processor links and a memory interface, system services and a floating point. These functional units will briefly explains in the undermentioned subdivisions.The procedure:A procedure on the transputer is described by several pieces of information, such as workspace, registries, plan and precedence. Such a procedure does non hold to be a consecutive procedure but can besides dwell of several sub proced ures. The procedures on the transputer can be separated in two classs: Active procedures: is a procedure which is executed or which is waiting for the following to be executed. Inactive procedures: is a procedure which is suspended at specific clip or which is waiting for inter procedure communicating.2 Registers:â€Å" The transputer has a little figure of registries, a workspace registry ( Wreg ) , an direction arrow ( Iptr ) , an operand registry ( Oerg ) and a three registry rating stack ( Areg, Breg, and Creg ) † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=zroYqxO9o3IC & A ; pg=PA16 & A ; lpg=PA16 & A ; dq=Instruction+pointer, operand+register, workspace+register & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=fiv2ktQmIW & A ; sig=AYGCR5W73DgjhP_TsIxyKS6HLkw & A ; hl=ar & A ; ei=IeIXS_jgIM2IkAXqo8TjAw & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=5 & A ; ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA # v=onepage & A ; q=Instruction % 20pointer % 2Coperand % 20register % 2Cworkspace % 20register & A ; f=false ) . The registries Areg, Breg, Creg are used as a stack, instead like early reckoners, to keep intermediate consequences. The registries Areg, Breg and Creg form a stack. Every direction notionally pops off the stack the points that it is traveling to work on, so pushes its consequence back onto the stack. This stack agreement is what allows most of the instructions to hold no operands. The agreement is like some programmable reckoner linguistic communications ( though such linguistic communications are much more limited ) † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cs.bris.ac.uk/~ian/transput/page3.htm, † . There is no protection against forcing excessively many values on the stack that it overflows. ( It is left to compilers and assembly codification authors. ) .These characteristics leads to simplified registry connexion, compact instructions, faster register entree. Iptr, Wreg, Oreg: These are called consecutive control registries: Direction arrow ( Iptr ) , holds the reference of the following direction. Workspace registry ( Wreg ) , holds the workspace arrow ( Wptr ) which is the reference an country of memory called the local workspace. Operand registry ( Oreg ) , holds the operand for the current direction. It ca n't be straight loaded from ( or stored in ) the informations portion of the memoryDirection Set:All the transputers have the same direction format.Instruction Fetch StateIn order to bring the direction to be executed following:Iptr must be selected to Input for the reference coach in which Iptr contains the reference for the following direction,memory must be selected to the beginning for the information coach since the reference to be executed following which is kept in Iptr must loaded on the reference coach,Ireg must be set to the end product finish for the information coach, andthe following reference of the micro-code ROM must be set to 0x001 to travel to the direction decode province.The specification is given in this province and is described in the micro-code ROM at reference 0x000..Direction Decode StateThe contents of four higher spots of Ireg or Oreg 32bit are used to stipulate the following direction to be done. The following reference of the micro-code ROM is so determined conditionally harmonizing to the direction decoded.Instruction Execution StateIf the direction to be executed is finished in one province passage, so the following province will be back to the Instruction Fetch. Alternatively if the direction needs other provinces to finish, so the following reference for the micro-code ROM is an appropriate 1 for the following province.Floating Point Unit of measurement:â€Å" It is about independent of the remainder of the bit. It has its ain internal registries, separate from the registries used by whole number operation.It execute instructions to execute drifting point arithmetic operation s, including platitude operation such as add-on or generation, and more complicated operations such as rating of some nonnatural maps like sine or logarithm † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=I2TCERgkcCgC & A ; pg=PA304 & A ; lpg=PA304 & A ; dq=floating+point+unit+has+own+stack & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=cVSlbfR1Av & A ; sig=HdSpHb79OdVrp4QfRpkXyso-05I & A ; hl=ar & A ; ei=OFUZS5SuMM2TkAXbx4XfAw & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=6 & A ; ved=0CCEQ6AEwBQ # v=onepage & A ; q=floating % 20point % 20unit % 20has % 20own % 20stack & A ; f=false ) . It has its ain development stack registries FAreg, FBreg, FCreg. There are 53 floating-point instructions. High degree programming linguistic communication to plan is strongly advised instead than assembly. It bases IEEE criterions for the natation point format, operations and consequences: For the 32 spot Numberss ; 1 spot for mark, 8 spot for advocate, 23 spot for fixed-point part. For the 64 spot Numberss ; 1 spot for mark, 11 spots for advocate, 52 spots for fixed-point part. It besides supports such consequences Inf ( space ) , NaN ( non a figure and non defined ) .Timers:â€Å" The transputer has two timers, one that gives a tick every microsecond and one that gives a tick every 64 microseconds ( for the 20 MHz T414 ) . This can be considered another incommodiousness because the two timers are associated with a degree of precedence. Low-priority procedures can non utilize the high-resolution timer. This means it can go on that processes run needlessly in high-priority, all because of the fact they have to utilize the high-resolution timer † ( hypertext transfer protocol: //74.125.153.132/search? q=cache: RID6_SK4ugEJ: www.science.uva.nl/~mes/psdocs/transputers.ps.gz+The+transputer+has+two+timers & A ; cd=6 & A ; hl=ar & A ; ct=clnk & A ; gl=qa, Transputer, Jacco de Leeuw Arjan de Mes, October 1992 ) .System Servicess:â€Å" On all INMOS board merchandises the term ‘system services ‘ refers to the aggregation of the reset, analyse, and mistake signals. On the IMS B008 the system services for the TRAM in slot 0 can be connected to either the UP system services from another board or the system services controlled by the Personal computer coach interface. System services for the other TRAMs can be connected to the same beginning as TRAM 0 or to the subsystem port of TRAM 0. As shown in the block diagram the Down and Subsystem services are brought out to the 37 manner D-type connection leting this hierachy to be extended to multi board systems † . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.classiccmp.org/transputer/documentation/inmos/1861.pdf ) Link: ( Communication between procedures on the transputer is performed by two instructions input message and end product message. The communicating which is supported is a point-to-point, unbuffered message-passing strategy. It therefore requires a handshaking between procedures, which synchronises them. Communications over these links are controlled by independent accountants, which have DMA entree to the transputers memory ) ( hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=6HcBQ67-Fb4C & A ; pg=PA358 & A ; lpg=PA358 & A ; dq=The+INMOS+Link+ % 2BDMA & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=esMJ1tFuhv & A ; sig=7nu_kxm48ARMoIoerKLu4uMhVq8 & A ; hl=ar & A ; ei=kmAZS_GjAoqUkAWVpuDQAw & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=3 & A ; ved=0CBUQ6AEwAg # v=onepage & A ; q=The % 20INMOS % 20Link % 20 % 2BDMA & A ; f=false ) . They are highly flexible and can be used for, interfacing with peripherals utilizing a nexus adapter, an ASIC ( Application specific integrated circuit ) bit can utilize a nexus to read and compose straight into a transputer memory at high velocity, most common to speak to another processor, normally anther transputer.Link CommunicationThe hardware connexion of links is simple, short distances. Linkss are consecutive port. if you see the figure for each nexus connexion merely two paths are required. In transputer the processor and four links have independent entree to the memory. The processor sets up a nexus and after that it freedom to put to death other codification while dedicated nexus logic handles the communicating. All these four links can be outputting and inputting while the processor is running codification. Of class there may a job with bandwidth when processor and all links entree memory at the same clip. Because the links designed the transputer do non necessitate to be synchronized in order to speak each other.T9000 Second Coevals:â€Å" The T9000 is the latest coevals of Transputers from INMOS. It represents an betterment on the bing coevals of transputer merchandises in both capableness and public presentation. The T9000 extends the transputer architecture in a figure of ways. The most of import of these is that the T9000 transputer decouples the physical connec-tivity of a system from its logical connectivity. Between any two straight connected T9000 transputers. there may be established an about limitless figure of The T9000 nexus system besides enables transputers to be connected via a web of C104 package routers which allows practical channels to be established from any transputer to any figure of other transputers. Other extensions of the architec- ture include the sweetening of the procedure theoretical account to supply per-process mistake handling installations and the ability to run plans under memory manage- ment.The T9000 has approximately ten times the public presentation of a T805. This betterment derives from a assortment of beginnings including the usage of caching, betterments in semiconducting material engineering, and a extremely pipelined, superscalar processor † . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //74.125.153.132/search? q=cache: hxPXQT2PHZUJ: wotug.ukc.ac.uk/parallel/vendors/inmos/T9000/T9000.ps.Z+T9000+Transputer & A ; cd=3 & A ; hl=ar & A ; ct=clnk & A ; gl=qa, The, T9000 Transputer ) â€Å" It has a 32-bit pipelined processor with a 64-bit FPU and 16 Kbytes of cache. There are four bi-directional consecutive informations links and a Virtual Channel Processor ( VCP ) leting efficient T9000-to-T9000 communications. These constituents are combined onto a individual incorporate circuit † . ( hypertext transfer protocol: //hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/dshs/publications/t9paper/T9paper_3.html, 09 NOV 95, The Application of the T9000 Transputer to the CPLEAR experiment at CERN ) Figures:Decision:Mentions:Transputer Application, M.Jane et. , Eds. IOS Press,1992hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlesbase.com/hardware-articles/do-you-know-what-a-transputer-is-305058.html, Do you Know What a Transputer Is? Jan 15th, 2008, Jos Kirpsttp: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transputer # T2: _16-bithypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com.qa/books? id=zroYqxO9o3IC & A ; pg=PA16 & A ; lpg=PA16 & A ; dq=Instruction+pointer, operand+register, workspace+register & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=fiv2ktQmIW & A ; sig=AYGCR5W73DgjhP_TsIxyKS6HLkw & A ; hl=ar & A ; ei=IeIXS_jgIM2IkAXqo8TjAw & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=5 & A ; ved=0CBwQ6AEwBA # v=onepage & A ; q=Instruction % 20pointer % 2Coperand % 20register % 2Cworkspace % 20register & A ; f=false

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Free Essays on Pop Culture

The Cold War and American Pop-Culture The influence of the Cold War on American popular culture in the 1950s is very clear. â€Å"As true today, popular culture in the 1950s meant primarily movies, television programs, and recorded music as well as fiction, drama, and even fashion and comics.† The Cold War is the name given to the tensions and arms race that occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union in the years following the Second World War. Anti-Communism, and the â€Å"red scare† dominated American popular culture, with everyone trying to prove that they were against Communism. The influence that the Cold War had on American popular culture is evident through the popular novels at the time, which usually contained violence towards Communists and portrayed Americans as tough and righteous. Secondly, the Cold War had drastic affects Hollywood largely due to the fact that no other city has such a large influence on all of America. Many people were blacklisted, due to unfounded speculations t hat they might be in some way associated with the Communist Party. Lastly, the influence that the Cold War had on American popular culture is evident through analysis of the popular music of the 1950s. As a result of the Cold War, American popular culture was largely dominated by anti-communist ideals and subsequently caused mass paranoia throughout the United States The influence that the cold war was having on America is prevalent through analysis of the literature that was popular throughout the 1950s. Mickey Spillane’s books dominated the fictional bestsellers list of the 1950s, with six of them making the top ten. Historian Stephen Whitfield claims that it was â€Å"the detective’s hairy-chested heroics would have made such novels enormously popular even if they had been devoid of any explicit politics, but the overt anti-communism of Spillane’s fiction engraved it with the signature of the period.† Overall it is evident t... Free Essays on Pop Culture Free Essays on Pop Culture The Cold War and American Pop-Culture The influence of the Cold War on American popular culture in the 1950s is very clear. â€Å"As true today, popular culture in the 1950s meant primarily movies, television programs, and recorded music as well as fiction, drama, and even fashion and comics.† The Cold War is the name given to the tensions and arms race that occurred between the United States and the Soviet Union in the years following the Second World War. Anti-Communism, and the â€Å"red scare† dominated American popular culture, with everyone trying to prove that they were against Communism. The influence that the Cold War had on American popular culture is evident through the popular novels at the time, which usually contained violence towards Communists and portrayed Americans as tough and righteous. Secondly, the Cold War had drastic affects Hollywood largely due to the fact that no other city has such a large influence on all of America. Many people were blacklisted, due to unfounded speculations t hat they might be in some way associated with the Communist Party. Lastly, the influence that the Cold War had on American popular culture is evident through analysis of the popular music of the 1950s. As a result of the Cold War, American popular culture was largely dominated by anti-communist ideals and subsequently caused mass paranoia throughout the United States The influence that the cold war was having on America is prevalent through analysis of the literature that was popular throughout the 1950s. Mickey Spillane’s books dominated the fictional bestsellers list of the 1950s, with six of them making the top ten. Historian Stephen Whitfield claims that it was â€Å"the detective’s hairy-chested heroics would have made such novels enormously popular even if they had been devoid of any explicit politics, but the overt anti-communism of Spillane’s fiction engraved it with the signature of the period.† Overall it is evident t...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essays

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essays Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay The purpose of this particular article was to develop insight regarding the general public’s thoughts about witnessed CPR. Being the purpose of this article, it looked into the reactions of four hundred and eight respondents who are 18 years old and above, residing in Conernaugh Health System’s Memorial Medical Center’s Service Area, through a telephone survey on whether or not they are in favor of the presence of their family members in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or what is commonly known as CPR. The central question that this article aimed to answer was â€Å"Are the people in favor to have their family and friends physically present during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation? † Between the 29th of April and the 14th of May 2003, four hundred eight telephone interviews have been made by a consulting firm from Holleran, Mountville, PA. The said interview is made in compliance with the survey research quality guidelines that the American Survey Research Organization came up with. The respondents of the survey who were made to answer the central question of this article were aged 18 and above and were chosen at random from the list of residents living in the vicinity of the Memorial Medical Center’s Service Area in southwest Pennsylvania. This particular consulting firm who is in charge of this particular study hired a professional, hired interviewer to contact the respondents through telephone. Upon reaching their perspective respondents, and upon having them on the other line, the subject of the survey and of the study was presented. They were given the chance to decline or accept the invitation to participate in the study which went on for 8-10 minutes. The first part of this particular article clearly states the purpose of this piece of work, and that is to obtain the opinions of people. However, the theories and concepts used to study the reaction of the people with regard to the Public’s Attitude and Perception Concerning Witnessed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation has not been efficiently discussed. It should have presented the major reasons why they think that physical presence is important not just to the patient but to the family and friends as well. At the same time, it was not able to show what the disadvantages of having the friends and family during CPR. All it ever said was that it remains to be a controversial issue. It should have presented why it is so. First, the presence of family members could affect the performance of the staff dealing with the resuscitation itself. At the same time, it may raise the levels of anxiety and at the same time, a depressed relative might disrupt the process. At the same time, the family may experience negative emotional and psychological consequences when they witness activities that are traumatic such as this. These considerations should be included in the article, and be used to look into the disadvantages and advantages of having family members during CPR (European Society of Cardiology, 2007). The study seems to have focused a lot on the results the study which is apparently very good as it clearly supports the purpose of the article. According to the results, 49. 3% of the respondents would like to be present while CPR is being performed on his or her loved one. The respondents who chose this believe that their presence could benefit the patient undergoing the said medical process. On the other hand, 43% believe that even if their presence is acknowledged, the physician should remain as the primary decision maker in the situation concerning CPR. Generally, the article was able to show how important witnessing the CPR of a loved one is to a person. This could be of help to the nurses and other health professionals be more sensitive to the needs of their patients and their loved ones in times when they need each other the most. Hence, this study was able to provide insights on the attitudes regarding witnessed resuscitation. Many of them would prefer to be at their loved ones’ side during CPR. Because of this, the development of most CPR programs should be reinvestigated and redesigned to accommodate the wishes of the patients and their loved ones. Basically, the weakness of this article lies in the absence of the explanation of the concepts and theories included in this study while its strength lies upon how it was able to meet its objectives and goals through the in depth presentation of the results obtained through the phone interviews. Somehow, it was able to capture the sentiments of the people with concerning CPR, whether or not they want to experience it being done on a loved one or someone close to them. References European Society of Cardiology. 2007. The presence of family members during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The World of Critical Care Nursing. Volume 5. Number 4. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from www. connectpublishing. com/Connects/conf/5. 4_1. pdf Mazer, M. A. , Cox, L. A. , Capon, J. A. 2006. The public’s attitude and perception concerning witnessed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2006. Vol. 34, No. 12. pp. 2925- 2928.

Monday, November 4, 2019

The New Alternative Craft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The New Alternative Craft - Essay Example ‘Do it yourself’ principle makes creativity worthwhile because of the limitless in boundaries of creation. The uniqueness of each object surpasses boundaries of taste, color and in many times ethnic boundaries. Through this, there is a big opportunity to reach out to more people and sell more. However, critics have come out guns blazing by questioning the intention of the alternative creators and their intentions. This study will demystify the alternative art and design in the context of the chosen examples. There are several avenues which people who have embraced alternative craft use to get their wares to the markets. These include technologically driven aspects of marketing such as the internet, the mass media, and general exhibition stalls. Some of these websites include etsy.com, from where the paper refers the objects of discussion and others such as getcrafty.com that displays hundreds of alternative creative artistic objects. Additionally, there are other avenues like fairs, markets and display exhibitions. The following segments will look at each of these segments and looks at the dynamics which each of the objects operates. This is one of the contemporary craft objects that not only is unique but severely artistic. The woolen knit i-phone case by Natalya has a design of the modern cell-phone handlers but uses a unique material and make to pass a message (Etsy.com, 2013). The maker uses wool and soft wood that does not incorporate any form of joints but through creative enjoinment. Natalya uses this design to pass a statement about fashion, creativity and lifestyle through unique settings. This design is personalized and customized using readily available materials. The main intention of the maker is to use material and design with alternative measure from the usual ‘

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Risk and risk management in Jordanian banking Dissertation

Risk and risk management in Jordanian banking - Dissertation Example The paper tells that recent global economic slump is considered as not only being the first global economic downturn of the 21st century, but it is also considered as a new ‘risk’ face by the global society coming from ‘unknown unknowns’ of which available information are insufficient in shedding light. Nevertheless, it should be noted, the global economic slowdown can be approached and analysed using several perspectives and it involves a whole gamut of issues that are intertwined, not just single direct cause. In light of this condition, as this research will deal with risk and risk management, it will primarily focus on operational risk management in Jordanian banking sector. Operational management and operational risks have long been part of the life cycle of businesses, especially in the banking industry. Generally, it seeks to address the risks arising from the day-to-day operations of the banks. As such, operational risks management deals with non-fin ancial risks, which when left unattended, are proven catastrophic not only for the banks, but for the entire global community. This situation highlights the urgency to give further clarification regarding the idea of operational risks and operational risks management so that a better understanding of its implications of in the banking sector can be achieved. It holds the position that gaining better understanding of operational risks management in Jordanian banking sector provides solid foundation, with which, its implications can be transformed in to valuable information and policies to counter operational risks. 1.2. Background of the Study Operational risks management is new (Petria & Petria, 2009), but operational risks are not. The inclusion of and explication of operational risks and operational risk management in Basel II Accord categorically show the integral importance of operational risks management in the banking sector. Since, Basel II now proposes a more stringent manag ement structure, tools and processes in addressing operational risks (Medova, 2000). The conceptual frame together with the events create the paradigm wherein the significance of a more coherent and systematic approach to operational risks becomes necessary in the banking se